A hike in the Blue Ridge Mountains of North Carolina can be a picturesque experience, but it can turn perilous if you encounter a rattlesnake. Understanding how to survive a rattlesnake bite—or better yet, avoid one—can make all the difference in an emergency situation.
Survival Story: Scott Vuncannon’s Rattlesnake Encounter
Scott Vuncannon, a seasoned hiker and farmer, experienced a rattlesnake bite while hiking the Ellicott Rock Trail in August 2018. He was well-prepared with safety gear, including a pistol and bear spray. Despite his experience and precautions, Vuncannon was bitten on his left calf by a rattlesnake when he stepped back after his dog, Boone, chased a squirrel.
Vuncannon’s immediate reaction was to apply a tourniquet and call 911, but he found no cell service. As the venom spread, he experienced blurry vision and severe symptoms, including vomiting and loss of consciousness. His loyal dog stayed by his side, helping him stay awake until rescuers could reach him.
Rattlesnake Facts and Risks
Rattlesnakes are a common concern in the Americas, particularly in the US Southwest and northern Mexico. The National Wildlife Federation estimates there are 36 rattlesnake species that inhabit diverse environments, from forests to deserts. Despite their wide range, deaths from rattlesnake bites in the US are relatively rare, with about 7,000 to 8,000 bites reported annually and only a handful of fatalities.
Rattlesnakes, like other pit vipers, have heat-sensing pits on their heads and deliver hemotoxic venom that damages blood vessels and tissues. In contrast, coral snakes, another venomous species in the US, inject neurotoxins that can cause paralysis and respiratory failure.
Avoiding Rattlesnake Bites
1. Be Cautious in Rattlesnake Habitats: Rattlesnakes often hide in logs, woodpiles, and thick brush. When handling such materials, wear thick gloves and be cautious.
2. Wear Protective Clothing: Always wear closed-toe shoes and long pants when hiking in rattlesnake territory. This can help reduce the risk of bites.
3. Avoiding Snakes on Trails: If you encounter a rattlesnake on a trail, carefully navigate around it. Do not attempt to kill or capture the snake as this can increase the risk of being bitten.
4. Clear Visibility: When reaching under objects or moving through tall grass, use a flashlight or stick to check for hidden snakes.
5. Seek Professional Help: If you find a rattlesnake near your home or yard, contact local wildlife agencies for safe removal. Do not attempt to handle the snake yourself.
What to Do if Bitten
1. Seek Immediate Medical Attention: If bitten, seek medical help immediately. The US Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) advises calling EMS and getting to the nearest medical facility. Symptoms of a serious bite include extreme pain, swelling, nausea, and dizziness.
2. Keep Calm and Still: Minimize movement to slow the spread of venom. Keep the affected limb immobilized and at or below heart level.
3. Avoid Traditional Remedies: Do not use outdated methods such as cutting the bite area or using suction devices. Apply a tourniquet only if absolutely necessary, and avoid using ice or nonsteroidal anti-inflammatory drugs.
Post-Bite Recovery and Lessons Learned
Vuncannon’s rescue was challenging, involving a combination of motorcycle transport and paramedic assistance. Despite the dire circumstances, he survived thanks to prompt medical intervention and multiple antivenom treatments. His experience underscores the importance of being prepared, carrying communication devices like a satellite phone, and hiking with companions when possible.
By learning about rattlesnakes and understanding how to react in a bite situation, you can better protect yourself and enjoy the wilderness safely. Remember, while rattlesnakes are a critical part of our ecosystem, their bites can be life-threatening if not treated properly.
Stay informed and cautious to avoid such encounters and ensure that your outdoor adventures remain safe and enjoyable.
