Scientists Unravel the Secrets of Immortality in Jellyfish
Scientists in Spain have decoded the genetic blueprint of Turritopsis dohrnii, commonly known as the “immortal jellyfish,” in hopes of uncovering the secrets behind its remarkable longevity and gaining insights into human aging. The research, led by Maria Pascual-Torner and Victor Quesada from the University of Oviedo, was published on August 29.
Turritopsis dohrnii is the only known species of jellyfish capable of reversing its life cycle repeatedly, reverting to its larval stage after reaching maturity and reproducing sexually. Unlike other jellyfish, which typically lose this ability once they reach sexual maturity, Turritopsis dohrnii can continue this process indefinitely. This unique trait has earned it the dramatic nickname “immortal jellyfish.”
The research team mapped the genetic sequence of Turritopsis dohrnii, comparing it to that of its close relative, Turritopsis rubra. While Turritopsis rubra also goes through a two-stage life cycle and can reverse aging, it does not possess the same regenerative capabilities post-reproduction.
Monty Graham, a jellyfish expert and Director of the Florida Institute of Oceanography, noted that this evolutionary trick can persist for 15 to 20 years. He explained that the term “immortal” is somewhat of an exaggeration but reflects the jellyfish’s remarkable longevity.
The study revealed that Turritopsis dohrnii carries mutations in its genes that may enhance its ability to replicate and repair DNA. Additionally, these jellyfish seem to maintain the length of their telomeres, protective caps on the ends of chromosomes that shorten with age in humans and other organisms. This ability to preserve telomere length could be a key factor in their extended lifespan.
However, Graham cautioned that the research does not have immediate commercial applications. He emphasized, “We cannot catch these jellyfish and turn them into anti-aging creams.” Instead, the goal of the research is to understand the processes and functions of the proteins involved in the jellyfish’s “biological immortality,” which could pave the way for new fields of study in aging and regenerative medicine.
This groundbreaking work offers a glimpse into the potential for biological insights that could one day influence how we approach aging and longevity in humans.
